Frank Setzer, D.MD, M.S., PhD
Clinic Director and Pre-Doctoral Program Director
University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
Nothing to disclose
Ya-Hsin Yu, D.D.S.
Clinical Instructor, University of Pennsylvania Department of Endodontics
University of Pennsylvania
Nothing to disclose
Ya-Hsin Yu, D.D.S.
Clinical Instructor, University of Pennsylvania Department of Endodontics
University of Pennsylvania
Nothing to disclose
Outcome is an important parameter for treatment planning and decision making. For cases with recurrent or persistent apical periodontitis endodontists often need to choose between a non-surgical and a surgical retreatment approach. However, many factors affect the outcome of surgical procedures, even if the most modern microsurgical techniques and materials are used. This presentation will critically review the available literature to evaluate mitigating variables such as indication for non-surgical retreatment before surgery, reversal of success over a longer observation period, intra-operative variables such as use of magnification and illumination, periodontal involvement, root-end management techniques and re-surgery.