Oral Session
Nutritional Microbiology
Gloria Solano-Aguilar, DVM, PhD
Microbiologist
USDA Agricultural Research Service
Jonathan Shao, PhD
BioInformatician
USDA Agricultural Research Service
Joseph Urban, Jr., PhD
Supervisory Microbiology
USDA Agricultural Research Service
Sukla Lakshman, PhD
Research Microbiologist
USDA Agricultural Research Service
Saebyeol Jang, PhD
Nutritionist
USDA Agricultural Research Service
Victoria Lozano, BSc
Research Student
USDA Agricultural Research Service
Masoumeh Sikaroodi, PhD
Laboratory Manager/Technical Director
George Mason University
Richi Gupta, BSc
Research
George Mason University
Patrick Gillevet, PhD
Director Microbiome Center
George Mason University
Aleksey Molokin, BSc, NSc
Research
USDA Agricultural Research Service
Bryan Vinyard, PhD
Bioinformatician Director
USDA Agricultural Research Service
Michael Humphrys, PhD
Research
Human Genome Center-University of Maryland
Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz, PhD
Research Molecular Biologist
USDA Agricultural Research Service
Ethiopia Beshah, MSc
Research
USDA Agricultural Research Service
Stefania Lamon-Fava, M.D., Ph.D.
JM USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University
Maura Walker, Ph.D.
Nutritionist
Boston University
Nirupa Matthan, Ph.D.
Cardiovascular Nutrition Lab, JM USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University
.jpg "Alice Lichtenstein, D.Sc. photo")
Alice Lichtenstein, D.Sc.
Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University; HNRCA at Tufts University
Tufts University
Objectives : To determine the impact of two isocaloric diets containing (38% ,15% and 47% energy from fat, protein and carbohydrate, respectively):Western diet (WD) rich in saturated fat, refined carbohydrate, low in fiber and high in cholesterol, and a heart healthy diet (HHD) rich in unsaturated fat, unrefined carbohydrate, fruits/vegetables, high in fiber and low in cholesterol, on the composition and function of the gut microbiome
Methods : Thirty-Ossabaw pigs were fed WD or HHD diets with half within each group therapeutically treated with statin (atorvastatin [Lipitor]). The fecal microbiome was analyzed one and six months after dietary intervention by 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic function was empirically inferred
Results : Genus diversity was transiently affected with a reduced Shannon Diversity index one month after feeding the WD or HHD (FDR P< 0.05) with no change between groups at 6 months. Bacterial communities were clustered and separated by diet independent of gender and separated by treatment with statin in the HHD only. Verrucomicrobiaceae (Akkermansia) and Methanobacteriales (Methanobrevibacter) were increased in pigs as early as one month after feeding the HHD, as was Clostridiales and Bifidobacterium (associated with optimal intestinal health). There was an enrichment of Proteobacteria (Succinivibrionaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae) in pigs fed the WD. Additional members of the Firmicutes phylum were detected. Diet-dependent associations (all P< 0.05) were identified between Lachnospiraceae members and early host dyslipidemia, inflammation, and atheromatous lesions in the left anterior descending proximal (LAD) and LAD/Left circumflex (LCX) bifurcation six months post-intervention.
Conclusions : These data document for the first time a distinctive bacterial profile in Ossabaw pigs with a diet-induced dyslipidemia and early stage atherosclerosis. Taken together these results represent a new model to examine mechanistic pathways of dietary patterns and/or drug interactions and its effect on modulating microbiome in developing atherosclerosis.
Funding Sources :
USDA project 8040-51530-056-00 and Inter Agency USDA Agreement