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Poster Theater Flash Session
Energy and Macronutrient Metabolism
Jess Gwin, PhD
US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
J. Philip Karl, PhD, RD
Research Dietitian
US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
Laura Lutz, MS, RD
Research Dietitian
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
Erin Gaffney-Stromberg, PhD, RD
Research Physiologist
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
James McClung, PhD
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
Stefan Pasiakos, PhD
U.S. Army Research Institute of Envrionmental Medicine
Objectives : The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 indicate that potassium, choline, magnesium, calcium, vitamins A, D, E, and C are underconsumed (i.e., shortfall) micronutrients. Intakes of specific performance-related micronutrients (i.e., calcium, magnesium, folate, choline, iron, zinc, and vitamins A, D, E, B1, B2, B3, and B12), may also be a concern, as suboptimal intakes may limit adaptations to unaccustomed physical training, such as initial military training (IMT). Protein-containing foods are nutrient-dense; therefore, dietary protein intake may alter the amount of shortfall and performance-related micronutrients habitually consumed. This study explored associations between dietary protein (PRO) intake and shortfall or performance-related micronutrient intakes at IMT accession.
Methods : A 3-month food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate habitual dietary intake in male (n=276, age: Mean (SD), 21.1 (3.8)) and female (n=254, age: 21.2 (3.7)) recruits. Multivariate-adjusted MANCOVA and ANCOVA models were used to identify associations between quartiles of PRO intake and shortfall micronutrients or performance-related micronutrients. Models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, race, physical activity, energy density, and total energy intake.
Results : Mean (SE) energy-adjusted PRO intakes were 29.3 (3.2), 36.0 (1.4), 40.8 (1.3), and 47.7 (3.9) g/1000 kcal for quartiles 1-4, respectively. Composite shortfall micronutrient intake differed (p < 0.001) by PRO quartile, as intake of each micronutrient, except vitamin C, progressively increased (all, p < 0.05) with increasing PRO quartiles. Similarly, composite (p < 0.001), and most individual (all, p < 0.05) performance-related micronutrient intakes, except calcium, were different across PRO quartiles. Calcium intake only differed for PRO quartile 1 and was lower than all other quartiles (p< 0.00).
Conclusions : These cross-sectional data suggest that habitually consuming more protein is associated with greater intakes of shortfall and performance-related micronutrients in young healthy adults entering the military.
Funding Sources :
Supported by US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command; authors’ views not official US Army or DoD policy.
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