Topical Area: Medical Nutrition, Nutrition Translation
Objectives :
Regular consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and other obesity-related diseases. Evidence regarding the effect of 100% fruit juice on glycemic control is conflicting, with little research assessing the metabolic effects of SSBs versus 100% fruit juice, particularly in young, healthy individuals. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine whether there were differences in glycemic control outcomes following three weeks of added caffeine-free soda, 100% fruit juice, or water in healthy, young adults.
Methods :
In a 3-arm randomized controlled trial, 36 participants (21.2±2.8yrs) consumed one of three beverages for three weeks: water (W), caffeine-free soda (S), or 100% fruit juice (FJ). At baseline and following the 3-week intervention, participants completed anthropometric (height, weight, waist circumference, body composition via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) and glycemic control assessments (fasting glucose (mg/dL), fasting insulin (IU/mL), and a 2-hour glucose tolerance test (OGTT)). Following baseline assessments, participants consumed two servings/day (~710mL) of their randomized beverage for three weeks, along with their habitual diets. Insulin resistance was calculated using homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Differences between beverages for glycemic control outcomes were determined using ANOVA.
Results :
Following the 3-week intervention, changes in fasting glucose were not significantly different between beverage conditions (W:4.70±7.57%, S:5.46±9.79%, FJ:4.93±5.32%; p=0.97), nor were changes in fasting insulin (W:25.77±33.65%, S:15.71%±69.84%, FJ:25.86±54.92%; p=0.88). Changes in HOMA-IR were not different between beverage conditions (p=0.96) and similarly, 2-hour OGTT revealed no differences between beverage conditions for glucose (p=0.82) or insulin incremental area under the curve (p=0.44).
Conclusions : In healthy, young adults, under free-living conditions, there were no differences in glycemic control outcomes when adding two servings of SSBs as compared to 100% fruit juice for three weeks. Longer-term trials are needed to elucidate the potential differential glycemic control responses to SSBs versus 100% fruit juice.
Funding Sources : N/A
Sara Rosenkranz
Kansas State University
Olivet Martinez
undergraduate student
Kansas State University
Trevor Steele
Kansas State University
Sam Emerson
Oklahoma State University
Brooke Cull
research scientist
mVS INC
Stephanie Kurti
Assistant Professor
Kansas State University
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